NUTRITION SUPPORT: THE FACT
Nutrition
Support is intravenous nutrition or orally modified
formulas necessitated by inability to consume a general
diet; administered to malnourished individuals who cannot consume
food in its original
form. The provision of enteral or parenteral
nutrients to treat or prevent malnutrition. Nutrition Support Therapy is
part of Nutrition Therapy which is a component of medical treatment that can
include oral, enteral, and parenteral nutrition to maintain or restore
optimal nutrition status and health.
All people need food to live. Sometimes a person cannot eat
any or enough food because of an illness. The stomach or bowel may not be
working quite right, or a person may have had surgery to remove part or all of
these organs (gastrectomy). Under those conditions, nutrition must be
supplied in a different way.
Nutrition can be provided either through a feeding tube
(enteral nutrition) or, when the digestive tract cannot be used, through an
intravenous tube called a catheter that is inserted directly
into the veins (parenteral nutrition). The amount, type, and route of
nutrition are tailored specifically to each patient with the goal being to
improve patient outcomes, minimize infections, and allow patients to live their
lives as normally as possible.
Nutrition support professionals work in a variety of
settings including hospitals, home care agencies, long-term care facilities,
research facilities, and academia. They include dietitians, pharmacists,
nurses, and physicians and may work either independently or as part of a
nutrition support service or team. They are specialists in providing and
managing enteral and parenteral nutrition in diverse patient populations from pediatrics
to geriatrics.
Parenteral
Nutrition
Parenteral nutrition is one of the ways people receive
nutrition when they cannot eat or use their gut via tube feeding. It is a
special liquid mixture given into the blood through an intravenous tube into a
vein. The mixture contains all the protein, carbohydrate (sugars), fats,
vitamins,
minerals,
and other nutrients needed. It was once called "total parenteral nutrition," "TPN," or "hyperalimentation."
Enteral nutrition is another way people can receive the
nutrition they need. Also called "tube feeding,"
enteral nutrition is a mixture of all the needed nutrients. It is thicker
than parenteral nutrition and sometimes it looks like a milk shake. It is
given through a tube into the stomach or small intestine.
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